Chapter 1
(Orientation)
I. Tittle : Macbeth
Theme : The Tragedy of Macbeth
Type of work : Tragic fatalistis Drama
Writter : William Shakespeare
Written : between 1603 and 1607
Setting : a. Setting of the place : England, Ireland
b. Setting of the time : Elevent Century Scotland
Plot : Forward
First published
in the folio : 1623
Country : United State
II. Principal Characters and Characterizations
1. Macbeth : a noble Scottish chieftain, an ambitious person
2. Lady Macbeth : his wife, an ambitious person
3. Banquo : Macbeth’s warrior-friend
4. Flance : Banque’s son
5. Duncan : King of Scotland, a gentle and perfect ruler
6. Malcolm and Donalbain : Duncan’s son
7. Macduff : a rebel lord, lord of fife
8. Three Witches
9. Three Murderer
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Chapter 2
(Interpretative)
Synopsis
A stormy night, Scottish armies managed to suppress a rebeilion, largely through the valor of two noblemen Macbeth and Banqu. They had also frustrated a Viking invasion that had received assistance from a prominent Scotsman, the Thane of Cawdor. When news of these two events reached Duncan, king of Scotland, he was delighted wit Macbeth’s performance, but insisted that Cawdor’s treason warranted his death. Accordingly, the king declared that Cawdor be executed and that Macbeh be named in his stead, Thane of Cawdor.
Meanwhile, Macbeth and Banquo, on their way home from war, happened upon a trio of witches – hags stirring a blackened caldoron and heralding Macbeth’s arrival : “Double, Double, toil and trouble.” The witches astonished the pair by prophesying that Macbeth would become first, the new Thane of Cawdor, and then, King of Scotland and that Banquo would become the faher of Kings. Then he dark hags vanished, leaving Banquo and Macbeth ti speculate over these strange prophecies.
No sooner had witches departed than two of the king’s messengers arrived wih news that Macbeth had indeed been named to replace the deposed. Thane of Cawdor Macbeth was amazd t see he first of the witches prophecies so quickly fulfilled. If he could be Thane of Cawdor, perhaps he could rule all of Scotland as well. This innocent belief quickly expanded into a deep-scated ambition, which began to taint Macbeth’s mind with dark thoughts. Would the prophecy fulfill itself, or would be have to take action to authority the throne? Since Duncan was king, would not one of his sons follow him in ruling Scotland? All this time, Banquo resisted any thoughts of hastening the withces, prophecy that his children would be kings, but could sense the unrest stirrin inside the soul of his fellow officer.
Banquo and Macbeth returned and reported to King Duncan, who warmly commended them both for their courage. But during the ensuing conversation he made two announcements which brought even more siniter ideas into Macbeth’s mind :First, he declared his son, Malcolm, heir to the throne, and the second, he expressed his intention to visit Macbeth for a night at Macbeth’s castle. Macbeth felt he must somehow take advantage of Duncan’s visit to advance his own ambitions – or, as he saw it, his own destiny.
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Hearing of her returning husband’s success and of the prophecies pronounced upon him, Macbeth’s wife was filled with a consuming desire to see him ascend to the throne. Vowing to stop at nothing in this quest. Lady Macbeth urged her husband to help her murder the king as he slept. She would undertake to induce the king’s guard to drink, giving Macbeth the opportunity to slip into Duncan’s quarters, slay him and plant the murder weapons on the drunken guards. Macbeth hesitated at first, but his shrewd and aspiring wife eventually prevailed.
As Announced, Duncan did visit Macbeth and after feasting there with Banquo and others, he prepared for bed. According o plan, Lady Macbeth arranged to intoxicate the guards, hen sent her husband to do the deed. Presently, Macbeth returned to her. Duncan’s murder accomplished. But now Macbeth was filled with guilt. Nonetheless, the conspiring spouses slipped, unseen, back to their chamber.
Two visiting nobles, Lennox and Mucduff, finding the king’s lifeless body the next morning sounded the alarm. Everyone rushed to the site, where Macbeth and his wife pretended to be shocked and heartbroken. Duncan’s two sons, suspecting a similar conspiracy would be attempted upon their lives, fled separately to England and Ireland.
After that, events moved swiftly. Everyone saw the flight of Duncan’s sons as evidencethat they had been the conspirators against their father. Macbeth was crowded as successor to the throne, he had fooled everyone except Banquo, who was suspicious of Macbeth’s sudden rise to power.
In fact, Banquo, remembering the promises made by the witches regarding his own progeny, feared jealous attemps on both his life and the life of his son Fleance. Immediately he informed Macbeth that the two of them would be leaving the country.
The tormented Macbeth, who also remembered the witches ultimate prophecy, hired two assasins to kill Banquo and Fleance as they traveled. He could not allow Banquo’s son to rule. Banquo was murdered, but Fleance managed to escape.
Many days later, Macbeth gave a feast for his compatriots. As he raised the glass, mourning that he could hve liked his friend Banquo to be present, lie was horrified at the appearance of Banquo’s bloody ghost – seated on Macbeth’s own throne. Now the terrified behavior of their new monarch virtually confirmed to the Scottish nobles that it was Macbeth who had contrived Duncan’s assassination. One of the Lords – Macduff immedicately left for England to aid Duncan’s avenging son, Malcolm, in assembling an army to authority Macbeth.
When Macbeth and his wife learned of this counter plot, they found and consulted the witches warned them to fear Lord Macduff, but added that no harm would come to
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Macbeth “until great Birnham Wood onto high Dunsianane hill shal come.” Furthermore, “no man of woman born” should have power to harm him. Macbeth rejoiced: he was assured of ultimate victory. After all, how can a forest move itself? And what man is not born of a woman? But when the witches showed him a vision of eight Kings, Banque among them, his enthusiasm melted away, and he ordered the prompt murder of Mucduff’s wife and children.
When Macduff, approaching his armies, learned of these murders, his anguish only sharpened his resolve, and he swore to kill Macbeth with his own sword. When his armies reachedBirnhaiyi Wood, Macduff instructed each soldier to cut tree boughs and hide behind them, in order to conceal their numbers. Like some kin of walking of the forest the men moved on Dunsinane, where Macbeth was posed to defend himself.
As Macbeth was preparing for war, his wife chafing under her own gulty conscience, was walking in her sleep, attempting to wash from her hands invisible blood-stains. The horror of her crimes and the fear of death at the hands of her own untrusting subjects brought on her grim, agonizing dream. Madness poisoned her spirit so bitterly that on the eve of Macduff’s attack, Lady Macbeth died.
The King’s twisted mind too had been nearly destroyed. In his dementia, when lord came that his wife had perished, lie remained nearly uni-noved. Moreover, she dressed for battle, additional bad nes arrived – Birnham Wood seemed to be moving toward them. Macbeth and his army rushed out to meet Macduff’s approaching forest of men. Macbeth fought recklessly, only bolstered by the farsecourageinstilled by the witches pronouncement that “no man born of woman” could overthrow him.
Finally, the two warring leaders engaged in hand-to-hand combat. During the scuffle, Macbeth taunted Macduff.
But Mucduff, still inflamed over the slaughter of his family, answered his enemy that he had never been, in a sense, “born of woman” “Macduff was from his mother’s womb/Untimely ripped,” he replied.
Macbeth now fought in fear, with waning strength. The rebel at last gained the upper hand and plunged his sword into Macbeth’s breast, then severed the head from the body of the bloody counterfeit King of Scott and Macduff returned to the castle and hailed Malcolm, good King Duncan’s rightful heir, the new King of Scotland.
Chapter 3
(Evaluation Summation)
Returning from the war against the Norwegians, Macbeth, and Banquo met three Witches who said that Macbeth would be a king of Scotland. Macbeth told this occasion to his wife through the letter. Macbeth’s wife asked him to kill the king as the king came to their house. Macbeth killed the king in addition, put the knife into the king’s guard. So that they would be blamed of king’s murder. Malcolm went to England . donalbain went to Ireland.
Macbeth held the party, at time he asked his man to kill Banquo on the way to party.
At the party, Macbeth saw Banquo’s ghost sitting on his chair. Macbeth went to see the three old woman again to ask thei explanation. Macbeth’s wife was sick, walking in her sleep while raving about the murder of Duncan and Banquo and finally she died.
Macduff and Malcolm together with 10.000 English men came to Macbeth’s palace. Everyman took a branch from a tree of Birnam Wood.
The best of book
The book is lifted from the story of the drama created by William Shakespeare tells the story of Macbeth by power struggles against its own king Duncan. This book is a book about the classic drama which raised the real story of the Norwegian state. This book is easy to read, and it is very interesting. There are many lessons that can be taken silver lining. Stories that appear so real. So the book is worthy of you have.
Weakness
There are many different opinions and versions. This book has undergone several revisions. Many allegations of questionable validity of this book and its authenticity. There are some differences that occur in the books issued and the original book before. Like Duncan, who died in the palace, but in fact he died murdered in the castle of Macbeth. Suspicion also mentioned this play in the play is not for a work of art but rather to celebrate the ancestors and the Stuart King James who ascended the throne in 1603.
Power which can only in a manner that is unreasonable and not lawful will be boomerang. Mistakes of past will continue to show shadows. Bahwasannya let us not have the power but in a way that is not appropriate. Especially those who have given us confidence. Trust and believe in yourself, because basically what we will do all will be good if we can manage. Do not be easily incited by others, believe what we live is the best for us. For some time the crime will DIB base by crime. And good will in the back with a thousand good too.
Conclution
Macbeth was a warlord was planning to kill his king, Duncan, although he knew the king love him and trust him: Duncan has rewarded him with a wider territory and be willing to come mengninap in his castle. But Macbeth intends to kill him, because there are three witches prophecy that he would be king.
And no less important, as Lady Macbeth, his wife, the mighty, urged, assured.
That night, Macbeth kills the king too, when the guest was sleeping great. To delete a trail, he was accused and he killed the guards. Blood flow did not stop there. The next day, and Lennox MacDuff Scottish nobleman arrived. When MacDuff Duncan found a corpse, he immediately suspicious of Macbeth. However revealed no suspicions on the public. After the death of Duncan, Macbeth was appointed as the new king of Scotland as the brother of the king is dead.
Although power has been the failure by but Macbeth still feel wary of predictions about Banquo. Till one night to entertain Banquo Macbeth to come to the party at that time. Macbeth hired two men to kill Banquo and his son during the journey. When the killer was killing Banquo, Fleance, son of Banquo gone to escape.
At the banquet, Macbeth saw Banquo ghost came in and sat in his chair. It's getting crazy and make Macbeth the three witches dating again. Then MacDuff, son of Duncan learned that his father was murdered by Macbeth. So MacDuff with his army to attack the castle where Macbeth lived.
Macbeth's wife becomes wracked with guilt. And always in the shadow of guilt and her husband baying. And Lady Macbeth eventually dies.
The battle was inevitable, even more heated when MacDuff confrontation with Macbeth. But eventually die at the hands of Macbeth MacDuff, son of Duncan. And she went on to lift the new King of Scotland after Macbeth.
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BIKSY HAKIKI
PREFACE
In the name of Allah, most Gracious, most Merciful. The praise be to Allah, the Lord of the worlds, and the sequel is for those who keep their duty into Him, futher, here will be no hostility except against wrongdoers.
Blessing and solution be upon the most honorable prophet and messenger, His family all His disciple, and those who follow them in goodness tillthe Day of Judgment.
And I offer my expression of graduate to Allah, due to His favor and charity, so, the writer has finished writing this review paper.
This paper is submitted to the English Subject of SMAN 1 Singaparnain partial fulfillment of the requirement for taking the final examination.
After making the great effort, the writer finally completed his research paper. However, he relizes that there are still many shortcomings in this paper. Therefore he enthusiastically welcomes the objective criticsmand constructive suggestion for the improvement of this paper.
Finally, the writer hopes that this paper will be useful not only for the writer himself but also for the readers.
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SINOPSIS
Politik, seperti halnya tragedi, tak akan punya arti tanpa kesangsian. Mungkin itulah sebabnya Macbeth, tragedi Shakespeare, tak mudah dilupakan, juga oleh seorang presiden.
Pada suatu malam sastra di Gedung Putih, Presiden Clinton bercerita bahwa perkenalan pertamanya dengan puisi berlangsung di SMP, ketika gurunya memintanya menghafal baris-baris solilokui dalam Macbeth. Lalu ditambahkannya, setengah melucu: untuk memasuki kehidupan politik, membaca Macbeth bukanlah awal yang baik.
Ketika acara selesai dan hadirin bergiliran menjabat tangannya, seseorang bertanya masih ingatkah presiden itu baris-baris Macbeth itu. Di saat itu Clinton pun membacakannya dengan bagus:
… here upon this bank and shoal of time,
We’d jump the life to come. But in these cases
We still have judgement here, that we but teach
Bloody instructions which, being taught, return
To plague th’inventor.
Kalimat itu diucapkan Macbeth, ketika tokoh lakon ini sendirian, merenung dalam kebimbangan. Macbeth seorang Panglima perang itu berniat membunuh rajanya, Duncan, meskipun ia tahu baginda menyayanginya dan mempercayainya: Duncan telah menghadiahinya wilayah kekuasaan yang lebih luas dan bersedia datang menginap di kastilnya. Tapi Macbeth berniat membunuhnya, karena ada ramalan tiga nenek sihir bahwa ia akan jadi raja.
Dan tak kalah penting, karena Lady Macbeth, istrinya yang perkasa, mendesaknya, meyakinkannya.
Malam itu Macbeth pun membunuh raja, ketika tamu agung itu tengah tidur. Untuk menghapus jejak, ia tuduh dan ia bunuh para penjaga. Darah yang mengalir tak berhenti di sana….
Tapi sesaat itu, ketika ia sangsi, ketika ia merasa berada ”di tebing dan laut waktu”, Macbeth bukan seorang yang keji. Ia merasa ada yang tak patut bila ia jalankan niatnya: ia mengkhianati rajanya dan membantai seorang ”lemah lembut” (meek), yang ”kebajikannya akan mengimbau bagaikan malaikat”, hingga akan jatuh kutuk ketika ia dipaksa meninggalkan dunia.
Memang tak jelas benar apa yang membuat Macbeth bimbang: seperangkat nilai-nilai, sebuah tatanan moral, atau hanya ketakutan pembalasan. Kita dengar baris yang dibacakan Clinton: siapa yang membawa ajaran berdarah, kata Macbeth, akan mendapatkan yang sama, yang berbalik, merongrong ia yang memulanya.
Mungkin dalam ambivalensi itu antara bisikan moral dan dag-dig-dug ketakutan dengan mudah bujukan Lady Macbeth menjeratnya. Menjerat: sebab Duncan mati, Macbeth jadi raja, tapi sejak itu yang ada hanya pembunuhan demi pembunuhan. Macbeth tragis karena kita sebenarnya bisa melihat apa yang baik dalam dirinya tapi nujum dan nasib tak ditolaknya. Ia jadi keji.
Bukan karena nujum dan nasib itu sebegitu sakti. Macbeth, dengan kemauannya sendiri, memilih nujum dan nasib dan bukan yang lain. Dia juga yang bolak-balik datang meminta nujum dari tiga nenek sihir itu, bahkan mencoba mengubah ramalan yang tak disukainya.
Macbeth tragis, sebab kita menyaksikan bagaimana kekuasaan meringkus semuanya. Termasuk meringkus saat-saat sangsi di depan ”tebing dan laut waktu” sebelum seseorang meloncat ke masa depan saat-saat ketika bisikan yang lain masih bisa terdengar.
Saya tak kunjung takjub apa sebabnya hasrat ke kekuasaan mampu meringkus semua itu. Apa yang istimewa dalam kekuasaan? Mengapa segala cara dikorbankan untuk mendapatkannya? Akhirnya ada yang lebih destruktif ketimbang pembunuhan—yakni sejenis nihilisme, yang menegaskan bahwa kita tak perlu sangsi karena kita tak perlu nilai-nilai. Tak ada dorongan yang gigih untuk mempertahankan apa yang baik. Seperti kita lihat di Indonesia kini, uang, jual-beli pengaruh, lewat lobi dan media, itulah yang akhirnya menentukan apa dan siapa yang salah dan apa dan siapa yang tidak. Selebihnya: nihil.
Apa lagi gerangan yang dikenang seorang presiden seperti Clinton setelah membaca Macbeth? Clinton sendiri mungkin tak perlu merenungkan jauh; ia tak perlu bergulat dengan dilema yang dahsyat. Ia seorang presiden yang dapat naik dan turun takhta tanpa melalui pembunuhan.
Maka menarik untuk menyimak apa yang dikatakan Clinton kepada Stephen Greenblatt yang kemudian menuliskan kesannya dari malam sastra di Gedung Putih itu dalam The New York Review of Books, 12 April 2007. Karya Shakespeare itu, kata Clinton, adalah kisah tentang seseorang dengan ambisi yang amat besar yang ”obyeknya secara ethis tak memadai”.
Ada yang baru di sini: bukan si Macbeth yang ”secara ethis tak memadai”, melainkan sasarannya: kekuasaan. Mungkin yang dimaksud Clinton bukan kekuasaan pada umumnya (rasanya ia tak hendak berpikir demikian tentang kekuasaan seorang Presiden Amerika), melainkan kekuasaan yang direbut Macbeth. Dalam lakon ini, kekuasaan bukan saja tampak tak sah, tapi juga tak ada tujuannya. Atau lebih tepat: kekuasaan dipertahankan demi menyembunyikan sifatnya yang tak sah. Macbeth adalah cerita tentang nihilisme dalam bentuknya yang mengerikan dan menyedihkan, karena seorang baik telah mengikuti nujum dan nasib, dan tenggelam dalam kekejian—seraya menyimpulkan bahwa hidup hanyalah ”kisah yang dibawakan seorang dungu, penuh amarah dan suara seru, yang tak punya arti apa-apa”.
Suaranya sebenarnya murung. Di saat itu Macbeth justru menunjukkan: nihilisme tak bisa mutlak. Dengan getir ia sendiri merasakan ada yang hilang di dunia ketika hanya kekuasaan yang tak menyebabkannya hidup tenteram telah jadi satu-satunya perkara yang dipertaruhkan.
Syahdan, di kamarnya yang gelap, setelah pembunuhan terjadi, Lady Macbeth tiba-tiba merasa melihat ada darah di tangannya. Berjam-jam ia coba basuh, tapi tak terhapus juga. Jejak kejahatan itu tetap bau. Dan akhirnya ia tahu: ”seluruh parfum dari Arabia tak akan dapat mengharumkan tangan kecil ini”.
Macbeth seorang panglima perang yang berniat membunuh Raja nya sendiri Duncan setelah mendapat ramalan dari tiga penyihir. Semakin lama ramalan itu semakin membayangi Macbeth. Lalu dia bercerita pada Lady Macbeth tentang ramalan tiga penyihir itu.
Macbeth seorang Panglima perang itu berniat membunuh rajanya, Duncan, meskipun ia tahu baginda menyayanginya dan mempercayainya: Duncan telah menghadiahinya wilayah kekuasaan yang lebih luas dan bersedia datang menginap di kastilnya. Tapi Macbeth berniat membunuhnya, karena ada ramalan tiga nenek sihir bahwa ia akan jadi raja.
Dan tak kalah penting, karena Lady Macbeth, istrinya yang perkasa, mendesaknya, meyakinkannya.
Malam itu Macbeth pun membunuh raja, ketika tamu agung itu tengah tidur. Untuk menghapus jejak, ia tuduh dan ia bunuh para penjaga. Darah yang mengalir tak berhenti di sana. Keesokannya Macduff dan Lennox seorang bangsawan Scotlandia tiba. Ketika Macduff menemukan sosok mayat Duncan, dia langsung curiga pada Macbeth. Namun tak mengungkapkan kecurigaannya pada public. Setelah kematian Duncan, Macbeth pun diangkat menjadi raja baru Skotlandia sebagai saudara raja yang mati.
Meskipun kekuasaan telah di dapatnya namun Macbeth tetap merasa was-was terhadap ramalan tentang Banquo. Hingga suatu malam Macbeth menjamu Banquo untuk datang ke pesta waktu itu. Macbeth mempekerjakan dua orang untuk membunuh Banquo dan anaknya sewaktu di perjalanan. Ketika pembunuh sedang membunuh Banquo, Fleance, anak Banquo pergi melarikan diri.
Pada jamuan, Macbeth melihat hantu Banquo masuk dan duduk di kursinya. Hal itu semakin membuat Macbeth gila dan dating kepada tiga penyihir lagi. Lalu Macduff, anak dari Duncan mengetahui bahwa ayahnya dibunuh oleh Macbeth. Sehingga Macduff dengan pasukannya menyerang kastil tempat Macbeth tinggal.
Istri Macbeth menjadi didera rasa bersalah. Dan selalu di baying bayangi kesalahannya dan suaminya. Dan akhirnya Lady Macbeth meninggal.
Pertempuran tak terelakkan, bahkan semakin memanas ketika Macduff konfrontasi dengan Macbeth. Namun pada akhirnya Macbeth mati di tangan Macduff, anak dari Duncan. Dan ia pun di angkat menjadi Raja Skotlandia yang baru setelah Macbeth.
Tapi sesaat itu, ketika ia sangsi, ketika ia merasa berada ”di tebing dan laut waktu”, Macbeth bukan seorang yang keji. Ia merasa ada yang tak patut bila ia jalankan niatnya: ia mengkhianati rajanya dan membantai seorang ”lemah lembut” (meek), yang ”kebajikannya akan mengimbau bagaikan malaikat”, hingga akan jatuh kutuk ketika ia dipaksa meninggalkan dunia.
Kelebihan
Buku yang diangkat dari kisah drama yang dibuat oleh William Shakespeare ini menceritakan perebutan kekuasaan yang dilakukan Macbeth terhadap rajanya sendiri Duncan. Buku ini adalah buku tentang cerita drama klasik yang mengangkat kisah nyata dari bagian Negara norwegia. Buku ini mudah untuk di baca, dan isinya sangat menarik. Terdapat banyak pelajaran yang dapat di ambil hikmahnya. Cerita yang ditampilkan begitu nyata. Sehingga buku ini layak untuk anda miliki.
Kekurangan
Terdapat berbagai pendapat dan versi. Buku ini telah mengalami beberapa kali revisi. Banyak dugaan buku ini diragukan keabsahannya dan keasliannya. Ada beberapa perbedaan yang terjadi dalam buku-buku yang dikeluarkan dan buku asli yang sebelumnya. Seperti Duncan yang meninggal di istana, namun sebenarnya ia meninggal dibunuh di kastil Macbeth. Dugaan juga menyebutkan drama ini di mainkan bukan untuk sebuah karya seni namun lebih untuk merayakan King James leluhur dan Stuart yang naik tahta pada tahun 1603.
Saran
Kekuasaan yang hanya di dapat dengan cara yang tidak wajar dan tidak halal akan menjadi boomerang. Kesalahan yang telah lampau akan terus terbayang bayang. Bahwasannya janganlah kita memiliki kekuasaan namun dengan cara yang tidak sepatutnya. Apalagi orang-orang telah memberikan kepercayaan kepada kita. Percaya dan yakinlah pada diri sendiri, karena pada dasarnya apa yang akan kita lakukan semua akan baik jika kita dapat manage. Jangan mudah terhasut oleh orang lain, yakinlah apa yang kita jalani adalah yang terbaik untuk kita. Karena suatu saat kejahatan akan dib alas oleh kejahatan. Dan kebaikan akan di balas dengan beribu kebaikan pula.
Contains
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i
Daftar isi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii
Chapter 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Chapter 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Chapter 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
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